Trudeau led the Liberals to consecutive minority governments in the 20 federal elections, during which his government has responded to the COVID-19 pandemic.

He was sanctioned by Canada's ethics commissioner for violating conflict of interest rules regarding the Aga Khan affair, and later again with the SNC-Lavalin affair. In foreign policy, Trudeau's government negotiated trade deals such as the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, and signed the Paris Agreement on climate change. Major government initiatives he undertook during his first term as prime minister included legalizing recreational marijuana through the Cannabis Act attempting Senate appointment reform by establishing the Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments and establishing the federal carbon tax. Trudeau won the leadership of the Liberal Party in April 2013 and led his party to victory in the 2015 federal election, moving the third-placed Liberals from 36 seats to 184 seats, the largest-ever numerical increase by a party in a Canadian federal election. In 2011, he was appointed as a critic for secondary education and sport. He was the Liberal Party's Official Opposition critic for youth and multiculturalism in 2009, and the following year he became critic for citizenship and immigration. In the 2008 federal election, he was elected to represent the riding of Papineau in the House of Commons. In 2006, he was appointed as chair of the Liberal Party's Task Force on Youth Renewal. He was chair for the youth charity Katimavik and director of the not-for-profit Canadian Avalanche Association. After graduating he taught at the secondary school level in Vancouver, before relocating back to Montreal in 2002 to further his studies. He graduated from McGill University in 1994 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in literature, then in 1998 acquired a Bachelor of Education degree from the University of British Columbia. Trudeau was born in Ottawa and attended Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf. Trudeau is the second-youngest prime minister in Canadian history after Joe Clark he is also the first to be the child of a previous holder of the post, as the eldest son of Pierre Trudeau. Justin Pierre James Trudeau PC MP (/ˈtruːdoʊ, truːˈdoʊ/ (listen) TROO-doh, troo-DOH, French: born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician serving as the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada since 2015 and leader of the Liberal Party since 2013.

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